Water treatment in the oil & gas industry

The production and separation processes used in the extraction of oil or gas have a by-product, known as produced water. This comes from water entrained within the oil, and condensing out of the gas: additional water arises when water injection is used to aid the extraction of oil, particularly as the field matures. Significant percentages of water will be present when the field is becoming exhausted, and accurate flow measurement data for produced water is essential.